![]() ![]() This artist’s impression depicts a Sun-like star being torn apart by tidal disruption as it nears a. and eventually gets "frozen" infinitesimally close to, but still outside, the event horizon.appears fainter and fainter over time (as the number of photons per "amount-of-dilated-time" progressively decreases),.falls in slower and slower as it asymptotically approaches the event horizon (due to time dilation),.takes on a redder color (as the photons get gravitationally redshifted),.In other words, for an outside observer who sees matter falling into a black hole, it will appear as though the material: Space is more severely curved the closer you get to the event horizon of a black hole, and since Einstein's relativity links space with time, this means effects like gravitational redshift and gravitational time dilation become more and more pronounced the closer an infalling particle gets to that horizon. Andrew Hamilton / JILA / University of Coloradoīut from the perspective of the outside observer, things are more challenging. Outside the event horizon, though, other forces (like electromagnetism) can frequently overcome the pull of gravity, causing even infalling matter to escape. At the event horizon, even if you ran (or swam) at the speed of light, there would be no overcoming the flow of spacetime, which drags you into the singularity at the center. In the vicinity of a black hole, space flows like either a moving walkway or a waterfall, depending. From the perspective of the infalling particle itself, everything makes clear sense. When it crosses over to the inside of the event horizon, its mass and angular momentum now add an supplementary contribution to the black hole's previous parameters, causing the event horizon to grow. If the particle, existing in the curved space that's presence in the vicinity of a pre-existing black hole, finds itself on a trajectory that will cross the event horizon, there's a clear before-and-after scenario.īefore it crosses the event horizon, the black hole has a particular mass, spin, and event horizon radius, while the infalling particle also adds a slight deformation to the space it occupies. The physics is a little bit easier to understand if we view it from the perspective of the infalling particle. is going on in the Universe, will find itself sucked into the central singularity. To understand exactly how this happens, we need to look at the problem from both perspectives independently, and only then can we see how to reconcile the seemingly paradoxical aspects of this puzzle.Īnything that find itself inside the event horizon that surrounds a black hole, no matter what else. The reason is simple: from outside the black hole, you can never gain any information about what's going on interior the event horizon, while from inside the black hole, you can never send any information to the outside.Īnd yet, particles - containing energy, angular momentum, and possibly charge - really do fall into black holes, increase their mass, and cause those black holes to grow. Although they are both valid, it isn't really possible to do a simple transformation from one point of view to the other. It's important not to mix these perspectives up or conflate them with one another. Andrew Hamilton / JILA / University of Colorado moving walkway or a waterfall, depending on how you want to visualize it. Both inside and outside the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole, space flows like either a. ![]()
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